A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted either by a blockage (ischemic stroke), a bleed (hemorrhagic stroke), or temporary stroke-like symptoms that resolve within 24 hours (Transient Ischaemic Attack – TIA). Without immediate intervention, brain cells can begin to die within minutes.
Recognise the Warning Signs: F.A.S.T
Early identification and response are critical. The F.A.S.T acronym offers a simple guide:
- Face drooping: Ask the person to smile, does one side droop?
- Arm weakness: Can they raise both arms, or does one drift downward?
- Speech difficulty: Is their speech slurred or strange?
- Time to act: Call emergency services immediately, Time is Brain.
Additional symptoms can include confusion, vision problems, severe headaches, dizziness, or loss of balance. Prompt treatment is essential, especially within the first 4.5 hours of symptom onset. For ischemic strokes, clot-busting medication (thrombolysis) is only effective within this window – delays can significantly reduce the chances of recovery.
Controllable Risk Factors and Prevention
While genetics and age play a role, many stroke risk factors are within our control:
- High blood pressure is the leading contributor and should be managed with regular checkups and medication compliance.
- Smoking and alcohol use raise the risk significantly.
- Poor diet, inactivity, obesity, and unmanaged diabetes further increase susceptibility.
- Stress and lack of sleep are emerging concerns, especially in younger adults.
Take Action to Protect Brain Health
Prevention begins with lifestyle:
- Eat a balanced diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, and lean proteins.
- Exercise for at least 150 minutes each week.
- Limit salt and sugar, particularly if you’re managing hypertension or diabetes.
- Avoid smoking and moderate alcohol consumption.
- Follow medical guidance closely if you've experienced a stroke or TIA.
“Stroke can strike at any age, but it is often preventable,” says Dr. Baijoo. By staying informed and making healthy choices, individuals can reduce their risk and protect their brain health for years to come.
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